In Italy there was an initial period from 1861 to 1885 in which the administration, characterized by a strong presence around the Piedmontese Government ordered a unit composed of ministries governed by the chief minister and the supreme political authority. The Prime Minister, Minister of Interior was simultaneously at the top of the administration. In every ministry there is a role parallel to the administrative staff accountant who worked in the Central Accounting (1. Digny Combray-1869). On the outskirts the prefect, the political-administrative body had a central role, control and coordination and the Mayor was appointed, by proposal, by the Government. In the second period between 1885 and 1923, the Italian administration underwent extensive transformations. In 1888 Crispi was introduced by the Secretary, on the English model, with delegated tasks, instead of the Secretary-General who had the power. The Prime Minister, Minister of the Interior strengthened the power exercised by the prefects. Numerically, the administration expanded with the system obtaining in career progressions of the role.

The independent companies joined the ministries. The staff was meridionalizza, spreading unionism and Giolitti in 1908 the first statute grants were given to state employees. During this period, the prefect reduced its role as ruler of the administration device (Superintendency of Finance and Director of Education Ministries depend directly), while the administrative uniformity was broken with the enactment of special laws to Naples, Sicily and other underdeveloped regions. The local life gained strength with the extension of the franchise, and with the mayor and the president of the provincial deputation appointed on an elective basis. The Socialist and Catholic forces were represented, as they developed municipal companies, schools, care institutions, clinics, etc..

The role of the Prime Minister, Minister of the Interior was strengthened with the use of state-ordained hierarchy according to the military model. The order was modified by subtracting the Financial Accounting central to each ministry and placing them in the employ of the General Accounting Office which was attached to the Ministry of Finance. While a view to strengthening the center was pluralized: spread national public bodies (IRI and Agip), while the prefect was weakened, and with the introduction of Federal, the mayor was appointed by the government replacing the elected mayor. In the aftermath of the Constitution accentuation of the administrative pluralism. the role of the Chairman of the Board, divided by the interior minister, was attenuated while the number of ministries increased. New institutions were established for special purpose within the South, ENI, EFIM. Provinces and municipalities acquired their political weight to six and duties were put to the center.

After 1970 there has been a broadening of public functions with the emphasis on pluralism. Ordinary statute regions were set up. The National Health Service (1978),

was cleared up by the Presidency of the Council (88) and ministries of environment and scientific research were set up. Aglienti public plus the independent administrative authorities, agencies and sponsors. 1972 saw the introduction of management, functional skills, the generalization of collective bargaining. Since 1980, it has produced a strong administrative change. The wave of the referendum invests primarily in the government and change to the electoral system puts into question its very constitutionality. The legal framework of public administration underwent strong changes in the law on procedure and on the organization of local government 1. 241/90; 1.142/90.

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  The administrative organization and some principles

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  The discipline of the public sphere

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  The essential functions of public authorities

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  The elements of the Italian PA

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  The postal administration